10,000 hour rules

accumulative advantage

achievement

alcohol

broken window theory

connector

cool hunting

courage

desirable difficulty

expertise

face

false certainty

giant

influencer

insight

law of the few

legitimacy

locked door

matthew effect

maven

minor genius

mitigated speech

organized serendipity

outlier

plagiarism

poverty

power of context

prediction

racist

rule of 150

salesman

slacktivism

social epidemic

stickiness factor

success

talent

thick slicing

thin-slicing

tipping point

underdog

weak ties

nationality

Canadian

occupation / innovator as

journalist

bestselling author

speaker

innovator in the field of

journalism

popular psychology

social psychology

screenwriter

sociologist

British

social science

is a rule of thumb stipulating that 10,000 of deliberate practice are required for world-class proficiency in any given field.

is TEST TEST is is is a rule stating that the key to achieving world class expertise in any skill, is, to a large extent, a matter of practicing the correct way, for a total of around 10,000 hours.

10,000-Hour Rule', claiming that the key to achieving world class expertise in any skill, is, to a large extent, a matter of practicing the correct way, for a total of around 10,000 hours. (wiki)

is an advantage and disadvantage we are presented with throughout our life (i.e. Extraordinary opportunities or cultural legacies) which together add up to either being successful or not.

This book had an interesting premise, it claimed that success is which many think of as attached to natural talent is really a result of accumulative advantage. Meaning that throughout our lives we are presented with advantages and disadvantages which add up to either being successful or well not being successful. Gladwell says that the three main categories to focus on are 'hidden advantages and extraordinary opportunities and cultural legacies' which allow people to 'learn and work hard and make sense of the world in the ways others cannot' (19).

is talent plus preparation. The closer psychologist look at the careers of the gifted, the smaller the role innate talent seems to play and the bigger the role preparation seems to play.

Achievement is talent plus preparation. The problem with this view is that the closer psychologist look at the careers of the gifted, the smaller the role innate talent seems to play and the bigger the role preparation seems to play.

is not something that works upon inhibition. It is myopia. It focuses on the foregrounded salient thing and every secondary consideration fades away.

Alcohol makes the thing in the foreground more salient and the thing in the background disappear. That's why drinking makes you think you are attractive when the world thinks otherwise: the alcohol removes the little constraining voice from the outside world that normally keeps our self-assessments in check. Drinking relaxes that man watching football because the game is front and center, and alcohol makes every secondary consideration fade away. But in a quiet bar his problems are front and center and every potentially comforting or mitigating thought recedes. Drunkenness is not disinhibition. Drunkenness is myopia.

is the idea that an epidemic can be reversed (or tipped) by making small changes in the immediate environment. Small things like cleaning up the environment (i.e. Fixing a window) can have a strong effect on behavior and crime statistics.

One might think that we are autonomous and inner directed, and that who we are and how we act is permanently set by our genes and our character. But instead, according to Gladwell, we are powerfully influenced by our environment, immediate context and peer group. An example, or subset of the power of context is referred to as the broken windows theory (p. 141). The idea is that an epidemic can be reversed (or tipped) by making small changes in the immediate environment. Crime for example is viewed as the inevitable result of disorder represented by broken windows, un-repaired buildings, graffiti, aggressive panhandling and trash. The power of context says that small things like cleaning up the environment have a strong effect on behavior. In other words, behavior is a function of social context (p. 150). Teen suicide and teen smoking are provided as examples of how peer groups affect behavior. Teens apparently commit suicide, smoke and engage in other forbidden behavior because someone that they identify with does those things (See Chapter 7). Smoking is not cool, people who smoke are cool (p. 233).

is a rare person with widespread social networks who are integral to the spread of ideas.

Connectors are the rare people who have incredibly widespread 'social networks.' They are often successful businessmen or politicians, and play an integral role in the spread of ideas. With their wide reaching group of friends and acquaintances, connectors can spread a message rapidly to a receptive audience. Nowhere was the role of connectors more clear than in the midnight ride of Paul Revere.'

is a marketing approach whereby a marketer seeks out not cool things, but cool people who have already innovated.

Cool hunting' is a process of seeking out people who have already innovated the same principle underlying lead user rsearch but these are usually fashion leaders rather than lead users of technology. (Gladwell, 1997). 'The act of discovering cool,' Gladwell writes, 'is what causes cool to move on.

is what you earn when you've been through the tough times and you discover they aren't so tough after all.

Courage is what you earn when you've been through the tough times and you discover they aren't so tough after all.

is an obstacle which counterintuitively promotes (rather than hinders) learning (or success in other endeavors).

is a process whereby ones tastes grow more esoteric and complex.

When we become expert in something, our tastes grow more esoteric and complex.

is not a secondary billboard for our internal feelings. It is an equal partner in the process.

The face is not a secondary billboard for our internal feelings. It is an equal partner in the process.

is the tendency to assume that something is orderly, with a clear pattern and clear conclusion when in fact things are a lot messier.

Very often when we look at something we assume that things are orderly, that there are clear patterns and clear conclusions to be drawn, but in fact things are a lot messier than that,' he says.

is one for whom his source of strength is also his source of weakness.

Giants are not what we think they are. The same qualities that appear to give them strength are often the sources of great weakness.

is an individual who has above-average impact on a specific niche process. Influencers are normal people, who are often connected to key roles of media outlets, consumer groups, industry associations or community tribes.

An influencer is an individual who has above-average impact on a specific niche process. Influencers are normal people, who are often connected to key roles of media outlets, consumer groups, industry associations or community tribes.

is not a lightbulb that goes off inside our heads. It is a flickering candle that can easily be snuffed out.

Insight is not a lightbulb that goes off inside our heads. It is a flickering candle that can easily be snuffed out.

is not time-dependent. It is quite possible for people who have never met us and who have spent only twenty minutes thinking about us to come to a better understanding of who we are than people who have known us for years.

it is quite possible for people who have never met us and who have spent only twenty minutes thinking about us to come to a better understanding of who we are than people who have known us for years.

is the idea that the successful spread of ideas is heavily contingent upon the involvement of people who, though few in number, possess a rare set of social gifts.

is the obeying of authority grounded first, in the sense that one has a voice in one's submission, secondly, in a feeling of predictability, and thirdly, in a feeling of fairness.

. . . legitimacy is based on three things. First of all, the people who are asked to obey authority have to feel like they have a voice-- that if they speak up, they will be heard. Second, the law has to be predictable. There has to be a reasonable expectation that the rules tomorrow are going to be roughly the same as the rules today. And third, the authority has to be fair. It can't treat one group differently from another.'

is the idea that those in power gain more power (be it wealth or status or credit or scientific clout behind an idea) and those who have none receive none.

The phenomenon was coined by Robert K. Merton in 1968, based on the biblical passage 'Matthew 25:29'. It reads 'For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken even that which he hath.' In short it refers to the fact that, 'Because of preferential attachment, a node that acquires more connections than another one will increase its connectivity at a higher rate, and thus an initial difference in the connectivity between two nodes will increase further as the network grows, while the degree of individual nodes will grow proportional with the square root of time.'

Malcolm Gladwell

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