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ideology

Slavoj Zizek

is a 'camera obscura' which reflects an inverted image of social reality, which is distorted and false. The truth of reality and reality as it is conceived through ideology are opposed.

Marx says that ideology is a 'camera obscura' which turns the image on reality on its head. In other words, Marx holds that ideology reflects an inverted image of social reality, which is distorted and false. Marx, plainly speaking, says that the truth of reality and reality as it is conceived through ideology are opposed.'

is a cloak for shabby motives and appearances. That is to say that it links particular actions and mundane practices with a wider set of meanings and, by doing so, lends a more honorable and dignified complexion to social conduct.

Ideology' refers to more than doctrine. It links particular actions and mundane practices with a wider set of meanings and, by doing so, lends a more honorable and dignified complexion to social conduct. . . . From another vantage point, ideology may be viewed as a cloak for shabby motives and appearances. (Apter, 1964, p. 16)

is a flawed concept because it assumes some more real, material, infrastructural dimension on which ideology is parasitic.

(3) ideology is secondary to something more real, some infrastructural dimension on which ideology is parasitic. Foucault rejects all three claims'

is a flawed concept because it assumes some real 'truth' against which ideology is supposed to be opposed.

For Foucault, the modern concept of ideology is characterized by three interrelated qualities: (1) by definition, ideology is opposed to something like 'the truth,' a false representation as it were'.

is a flawed concept because it assumes that that some individual or collective uses it to hide the 'truth' which then needs to be exposed in its falseness by the analyst.

(2) ideology is produced by a subject (individual or collective) in order to hide the truth, and consequently the analyst's task consist in exposing this false representation.

is a mode of distorted communication. The systematic distortion of the dialogic relation.

For Habermas ideology is a mode of distorted communication, the systematic distortion of the dialogic relation. Someone like Weber may note the gap between claim and belief in matters of political legitimacy, but the power of Habermas' analysis lies in its recognition that this gap is the product of distorted relations and that bridging the gap is a result possible only at the end of a process of critique.'

is a problematic map and matrice of social realities for the creation of social conscience.

maps of problematic social realities and matrices for the creation of social conscience (Geertz 1973:22).

is a representation that legitimates exploitation by hiding reality.

representations that 'legitimate the process of exploitation by hiding reality' (Graham 2005:176).

ideology, n.Memes

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ideology