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is a 'natural slavery,' a 'living death,' a kind of 'anti-life.' it inverts, at the highest level of intensity, the very principle of human dignity in social relations.

Philosopher David Sussman defines torture in its elemental 'two-ness' and diabolical intimacy for the Case Western J of International Law. 'For torture to occur,' the antagonist must be 'standing in a particular kind of relationship with one another, and understand that the other understands this as well.' This perverse relationship is a 'natural slavery,'10 a 'living death,' a kind of 'anti-life.' For Sussman, torture inverts, at the highest level of intensity, the very principle of human dignity in social relations.11

is a barbarically nonsensical way of discovering truth in that it is the application of a material means to a spiritual end.

Torture, as the art of discovering the truth, is barbaric nonsense... it is the application of a material means to a spiritual end. Charles Baudelaire

is a kind of sovereignty, the ability to reduce a person so entirely to a body and a whimpering prey of death a God or, at least, a demiGod.

With heart and soul they went about their business, and the name of it was power, domination over spirit and flesh, orgy of unchecked self-expansion. I also have not forgotten that there were moments when I felt a kind of wretched admiration for the agonizing sovereignty they exercised over me. For is not the one who can reduce a person so entirely to a body and a whimpering prey of death a god or, at least, a demigod'

is a perverse intimacy between torturer and victim. It is intimacy transformed into its inverse image the torturer focuses with the intensity of a lover, except .At bottom all torture is rape, and all rape is tyranny. 'Torture is a microcosm (raised to the highest level of intensity) of the tyrannical political relationships that liberalism hates the most.

The answer lies in the relationship between torturer and victim,' that is, 'a torturer, who inflicts pain one-on-one, up close and personal to tyrannize and dominate the victim. The relationship becomes a perverse parody of friendship Intimacy transformed into its inverse image the torturer focuses with the intensity of a lover, except .At bottom all torture is rape, and all rape is tyranny' (39). Says Luban, 'Torture is a microcosm (raised to the highest level of intensity) of the tyrannical political relationships that liberalism hates the most'(39).12

is also the use of rape and other forms of sexual violence by a person acting under color of law upon another person under his custody or physical control.

the use of rape and other forms of sexual violence by aperson acting under color of law upon another person under his custodyor physical control.'207

is an argumentative implement formerly much used in persuading devotees of a false faith to embrace the living truth.

RACK, n. An argumentative implement formerly much used in persuading devotees of a false faith to embrace the living truth. As a call to the unconverted the rack never had any particular efficacy, and is now held in light popular esteem.

is anti-liberal in that it constitutes a self-betrayal of the victim whereby it forces him 'into the position of colluding against himself through his own affects and emotions, so that he experiences himself simultaneously powerless and yet actively complicit in his own violation.

David Sussman argues that torture leads to the self-betrayal of the victim because it forces him 'into the position of colluding against himself through his own affects and emotions, so that he experiences himself simultaneously powerless and yet actively complicit in his own violation' (Sussman, 2005:4). By forcing the victim to turn against himself, torture goes beyond the simple violation of the victims' dignity and perverts it in an incomparable way (Sussman, 2005: 4).

is any systematic infliction of acute physical pain, physical exhaustion (endangering the health of a person), or mental suffering (which could lead to severe physical damage)... or use of chemical, drugs or other natural or artificial means aiming at bending the victim's will.

Under the Greek Penal Code, Art. 137(A)(2), torture is '(a) any systematic infliction of acute physical pain... (b) any systematic infliction of physical exhaustion endangering the health of a person... (c) any systematic infliction of mental suffering, which could lead to severe physical damage... (d) any illegal use of chemical, drugs or other natural or artificial means aiming at bending the victim's will.' Consideration of Reports Submitted By State Parties under Article 19 of the Convention, Greece, U.N. Doc. CAT/C/61/Add.1, at 230, available at http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.61.Add.1.En'Opendocument (last visited July 25, 2005). BY GAIL H. MILLER

torture, n.Memes

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