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will

nihilism

pessimism

Arthur Schopenhauer

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is a manifestation of the whole life, that is, of the whole human life including reason (which satisfies the rational side of man's nature) and all the impulses.

You see, gentlemen, reason is an excellent thing, there's no disputing that, but reason is nothing but reason and satisfies only the rational side of man's nature, while will is a manifestation of the whole life, that is, of the whole human life including reason and all the impulses. And although our life, in this manifestation of it, is often worthless, yet it is life and not simply extracting square roots. Fyodor Dostoevsky

is a movement of the soul, acting by its own forces and, unlike a falling rock, responsible for those actions. The will is either the soul's movement to acquire a good, to preserve a good that has been acquired, to avoid an evil, or to reject an evil that is being suffered.

as a 'movement of the soul' (animi motus),(34) and he specifies the possible types of movement in the City of God: the will is either the soul's movement to acquire a good, to preserve a good that has been acquired, to avoid an evil, or to reject an evil that is being suffered.(35)

is a surging, impersonal force that runs through everything, fashioning us and our desires.

For Schopenhauer, nature consist of an 'outer' aspect of physical causes and surfaces and also an 'inner' dynamic that he calls the 'Will'. You could see the Will in Schopenhauer's thought as a surging, impersonal force that runs through everything, fashioning us and our desires. How do we know there is such a thing' Because, Schopenhauer says, we have inner, first-person experience of this Will. While we see all other things in terms of their appearances, we experience ourselves from the inside as not just a bundle of appearances but an existence that struggles and surges and clings to survival. And if we have such an inner dynamic, we can conclude that it's not just us (Schopenhauer says that to conclude that only we have this Will is a conclusion that belongs in the madhouse), but that this surge of the Will is the inner dynamic that drives all things.

is able to conquer even death. It does this by means of reproduction, which is why reproduction is the strongest instinct and is placed almost entirely beyond control of knowledge or reflection.

Reproduction is the ultimate purpose of every organism, and its strongest instinct... for only so can the will conquer death. And to ensure this conquest of death, the will to reproduce is placed almost entirely beyond control of knowledge or reflection: even a philosopher, occasionally, has children.

is an impersonal force that drives all existence. It doesn't belong to us, nor does it have our interests at stake. It seeks its own expression, but it doesn't seek our own happiness.

The Will in Schopenhauer's philosophy is the name that he gives to an impersonal force that drives all existence. It doesn't belong to us, nor does it have our interests at stake. Which is why, no doubt, we might find ourselves doing stupid things that we later regret, or why we might wake up in the morning to find that we've spent the night with somebody we really shouldn't have done. The Will seeks its own expression, but it doesn't seek our own happiness.

is an insatiable power which, inspired by life, exceeds the individual and inspires it to exceed itself, annihilate itself by rewilling itself again.

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is distinguishable from psychological attributes like motives and intentions but similar in that it is determinative and an operation of the inner self.

the faculty of the will is distinguishable from psychological attributes like motives and intentions but it shares with them two important features: its sphere of operations is the inner self and it is determinative' (B. Honig 'arendt, identity and will' Political Theory 16(1).

is focused on reproduction because it is the genitals alone that enable the will to pass beyond the individual, ensuring it endless life.

The will shows itself here as independent of knowledge, and works blindly, as in unconscious nature. . . . Accordingly, the reproductive organs are properly the focus of will, and form the opposite pole to the brain, which is the representative of knowledge. . . . The former are the life-sustaining principle, they ensure endless life...

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