Karl MarxAbstract labor is labor viewed through the lens of capitalism, which has the astounding ability to extract out or 'abstract' one common unit of measure and apply it universally to the labor of so many different histories and peoples.
Abstract labor is work done simply in order to earn a wage rather than for the worker's own specific purposes.
Agency is necessarily limited. Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please. they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past. The tradition of all the dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brain of the living.
Alienation is alienation both from one's own nature and from other men. In capitalism, productive activity is competitive rather than cooperative, making the other into an alien and hostile being. Love and trust are replaced by bargaining and exchange.
Alienation is neither a subjective nor an ontological concept, but a sociohistorical normative category that points to a deplorable state of affairs that should be overcome.
Alienation is the idea that our consciousness is just fine but that our reality is perverted. It is in the material world as it is that man is alienated.
Alienation is the independent life which the worker gives to the object (by giving a piece of himself to it) only to then be confronted by that object as hostile and alien.
Alienation is undergone by both the proletarian and the propertied classes but the latter feels comfortable in their alienation, knowing that to posses is to possess a morsel of human existence.
All that is solid melts into air is the suggestion that material relations which appear to be fixed, fast-frozen, and inviolatiable are nothing but ideology which man is compelled to face.
America is the most perfect example of a modern state' and that the state simply as an instrument of class domination was to be found only in north America.
The Animal is one with its life activity. It does not distinguish the activity from itself. It is its activity. But man makes his life activity itself an object of his will and consciousness. He has a conscious life activity. It is not a determination with which he is completely identified.
Anthropology is a mode of asking 'what it means to be human' which involves an inquiry into nature, society, history, and science.
Antisemitism is the unfortunate outcome of capitalism (to which the jews eagerly contributed). In short, Jewish greed had bred anti-jewish hostility. By enlisting the destructive forces of commerce and banking to promote their own interests, they had aroused the resentment of those who were the victims of a rapacious capitalism.
Art's object, like every other product, creates a public which is sensitive to art and enjoys beauty.
