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Arthur Schopenhauer

22 February 1788-21 September 1860

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40s (age) is a cut off point. The first 40 years give life text, the next thirty supply the commentary on it.

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Aesthetic perception is a special state of perceptual consciousness where we lose ourselves in the object, forget about our individuality, and become the clear mirror of the platonic idea we perceive.

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Aesthetic perception is the act of perceiving an individuated object not as an object, but as a platonic universal, and thus to raise the seer into a pure will-less, painless, and timeless subject of knowledge.

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Agency is relative. A man can surely do what he wills to do, but cannot determine what he wills.

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The Animal is the present incarnate. This is why it lacks both anxiety and hope. Its consciousness is restricted to what is clearly evident.

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The Artist is tasked with communicating the universalistic vision to those who lack the power to see through, and to rise above, the ordinary world of spatio-temporal objects. Why is this necessary' Because spatio-temporal existence is an existence grounded in inherently violent opposition).

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Ascetic consciousness is located neither in the platonic realm, nor in the everyday realm, but at the very level of the universal subject-object distinction, at a level of universality comparable to that of will as thing-in-itself.

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Asceticism is productive of a mystical state of consciousness whose character is inscrutable and looks like nothing at all from the standpoint of ordinary, day-to-day, individuated and objectifying consciousness.

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Asceticism is the vanishing of the physical world itself, and the ushing in of an ocean-like calmness, tranquillity, confidence and serenity on the one hand and ecstasy, rapture, illumination, and union with God on the other.

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The Author is either falling star (having a momentary effect), a planet (having a much longer duration) or a fixed star (unchangeable, possessing his own light, and working for all time).