female circumcision

is painful, but women who undergo the rite may attribute significant social meanings to their ability to endure it. The pain is something to be endured, not avoided, because it fostered positive transformations of the self.

Although FC rites are often painful, Walley (1997, p. 422) pointed out that women who undergo the rite may attribute significant social meanings to their ability to endure it. We may shudder at the thought of FC, but they viewed the pain as something to be endured, not avoided, because it fostered positive transformations of the self (Johnson 2000 (432)

C.L. LundThinkers

C.L. Lund