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Edward Sapir

26 January 1884-4 February 1939

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The Anthropologist is tasked to study not behavior, but of behavioral forms that make up cultural patterns which are transferred, socialized, and carried by the individual.

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The Anthropologist is tasked not to study behavior, but to analyze the relationship between the patterns of which culture is made up.

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Anthropology is a field that does not gather observations. The anthropologist's interest is not in the facts of behavior but in its typical patterns, not in the individual's experience, but in the patterns of culture. The anthropologist is not interested in behavior, but in the field of behavioral forms.

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Culture is ideas and values, organized in conceptual systems.

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An Individual is the collectivity of behavior patterns in contrast to the personality which is the sum total of behavior roles.

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Language is a purely human and non-instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotion, and drives by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols.

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Linguistic drift is the idea that language moves down-time in a current of its own making. Even if it were a self-contained unity it would drift, turning into a new language. Dialects combine the drift of language with the drift of people.

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Linguistic relativity is a way of articulating one of the fundamental paradoxes of human life, namely, the need that each individual has to use a shared and predefined code in expressing what are subjectively different experiences.

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Personality is the sum total of a series of roles, or modes of participation in society, which a person carves out for himself, or takes part in. The individual, by contrast is the collectivity of behavior patterns.