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Emile Durkheim

15 April 1858-15 November 1917

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Anomie is a kind of homelessness felt in times of rapid social change when normal rules, habits, and beliefs no longer hold and alternatives have yet to arise.

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Anomie is a state of social disorganization brought on by the lack of (or insufficiency of) social and moral rules regulating activity between persons and groups.

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Collective conscious is an emergent characteristic of a group or society arising from and supporting a unified mental and emotional response to events of the world.

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Collective consciousness is an emergent characteristic (meaning it takes on a life of its own) of a group or society arising from and supporting a unified mental and emotional response to events of the world.

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Collective effervescence is emotional excitement or delirium released in the wake of society level events (i.e. 9/11 or a school shooting) as individuals comes together to communicate the same thoughts and actions.

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A Collective representation is the basis for a rule of conduct which is felt by people, in effect, as a categorical imperative, compelling people to act in accord with the collective moral exigencies of society.

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A Concept is that which, once born, obeys laws all its own. The concept has a life of its own, attracting one other, repelling each other, uniting, dividing itself and multiplying.

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Conscience is the greater, better part of man's existence which transcends the body, escaping its yoke, but remaining subject to the yoke of society.

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Crime is both inevitable and necessary, a social fact necessitated by the utter impossibility of total agreement regarding norms and values among all members of a society.

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Crime is necessary and is logically implied by the fundamental conditions of social organization insofar as no people exist whose morality is not daily infringed upon.

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Culture is the net of enmeshed norms, beliefs, traditions, and feelings which ensures that human beings are bound together by an internalized mesh of coercion.

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Culture is to be found in every act, any insignificant gesture, each facial expression insofar as they are socially determined by laws, norms and customs.