Etienne BalibarThinkers

The Border is a privileged site inasmuch as it crystallizes both material investments and symbolic stakes. They phenomenally reflect or divulge the nature of various crucial social processes, of their own determinations.

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Fictive ethnicity is community which is instituted by the nation-state.

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A Fractal border is a border that is neither completely open nor closed, but both separates and distinguishes, on the one hand, and links and mixes together, on the other.

A Fractal border is open by the long-term aftereffects of colonialism itself (not by authorities) and comes to constitute a cultural identity of non-contemporaneousness to self.

Globalization is inseparable from cruelty or extreme violence, which is the very heart of everyday life in contemporary societies. Globalization depends on a permanent state of extreme violence 'without borders or beyond borders', systematically displaced 'elsewhere' into life-zones and death-zones.

An Interior difference is an essential non-contemporaneousness to self within a cultural identity created by borders that separate and distinguish on the one hand, and link and mix on the other.

Neo-racism is racism no longer concerned with biological heredity, but rather with 'cultural differences' (i.e. Immigration). Balibar calls this racism without race.

A People is that which has as its fundamental problem to produce a people, or to make the people produce itself continually as a national community.