infrastructure

interscience

longue duree

superstructure

nationality

French

occupation / innovator as

historian

innovator in the field of

history

Annales School

scientific organization

Hungarian Academy of Sciences

Académie Française

Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

American Academy of Arts and Sciences

Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities

Heidelberg Academy for Sciences and Humanities

seat 15 of the Académie française

During the session on capitalism Braudel swiftly dealt with the question of ideology. 'When you say that capitalism is a superstructure,' Paul Fabra, the editor of Le Monde asked, 'are you using the word superstructure in a Marxist sense'' Braudel's response was that 'structure', which could be both superstructure and infrastructure, corresponded with the social, economic, and the cultural reality, as part of the 'longue duree' of which religion, for example, was a phenomenon. 'You are not using the word superstructure,' Immanuel Wallerstein added, 'in the Marxist sense. For Marx, infrastructure controlled the superstructure, while for you, in a sense, the superstructure is the dominant element. Braudel concluded the exchange by saying that for him the phenomenon of structures was one which remained invariant over time. It had nothing to do with the structuralism of Levi-Strauss or some of the French sociologist and philosophers.

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is a historical approach that moves back beyond human records (as well as the archeological record) and incorporates climatology, demography, geology, and oceanology.

a historical approach that moves back beyond human records (as well as the archeological record) and incorporates climatology, demography, geology, and oceanology.

is that which controls the infrastructure.

Fernand Braudel

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Fernand BraudelThinkers

Fernand Braudel