Fredrik Barth
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A Boundary can be strengthened at the same time that the groups it divides are becoming more similar.
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Boundary maintenance is the mechanism through which ethnic groups defines themselves in relation to others by setting up and maintaining boundaries.
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Culture change is when previous categories of organization prove inconsistent with present experience, demanding innovations in ethnic identity.
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The Ethnic group is defined through its relationship to others, highlighted through the boundary.
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Ethnicity is a categorical ascription which classifies individuals in terms of their basic, most general identity.
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Ethnicity is a feature of social organization rather than a nebulous expression of culture. It is the interactive delineation of boundaries rather than 'the cultural stuff' that they enclose that defines ethnic groups.
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Ethnicity is social, not cultural, meaning it is determined not by behavior but by self-acknowledgement. It makes no difference whatsoever how dissimilar members may be in their overt behaviour as long as they declare that they are 'a' or 'b'.
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Framework is, for the Swat in Pakistan, territorial habitation framework, hereditary caste framework, and patrilineal descent patterns.
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Pleural society is a society that is stable by combining different ethnic, ecological and economic niches.