action

alcohol

city

false consciousness

family

nature

overthrow of mother right

paper

Paris Commune

scientific socialism

simple commodity production

state

surplus value

world-historic defeat of the female sex

nationality

German

occupation / innovator as

philosopher

innovator in the field of

capitalism

class struggle

economics

philosophy

political philosophy

economist

political theorist

social scientist

journalist

revolutionary

feminist

cause of death

natural causes

religion

atheism

sociologist

scientific organization

International Workingmen's Association

is a stuff whose ounce is worth a ton of theory.

An ounce of action is worth a ton of theory.

is, in 19th century Europe, used in excess by workers as a result of capitalist exploitation only source of pleasure for the degraded working man.

Liquor is almost their only source of pleasure, and all things conspire to make it more accessible to them. . . . [Drunkenness provides] the certainty of forgetting for an hour or two the wretchedness and burden of life and a hundred other circumstances so mighty that the worker can, in truth, hardly be blamed for yielding to such overwhelming pressure. Drunkenness has here ceased to be a vice. . . . Those who have degraded the working man to a mere object have the responsibility to bear. (Engels [1845] 1969: 133-34)

is a place that does not give the human senses room enough.

Cities give not the human senses room enough. Nature

is a place of barbarous indifference, hard egotism on one hand, and nameless misery on the other, everywhere social warfare, everywhere reciprocal plundering under the protection of the law.

What is true of London, is true of Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, is true of all great towns. Everywhere barbarous indifference, hard egotism on one hand, and nameless misery on the other, everywhere social warfare, every man's house in a state of siege, everywhere reciprocal plundering under the protection of the law, and all so shameless, so openly avowed that one shrinks before the consequences of our social state as they manifest themselves here undisguised, and can only wonder that the whole crazy fabric still hangs together. Ibid.

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is a microcosm of the class conflict in the larger society rather than having its own independent microsystem process of conflict.

Thus, for Engels, the family provided a microcosm of the class conflict in the larger society rather than having its own independent microsystem process of conflict. This introduces a basic question in conflict theory, which is, 'Does conflict in marriage and the family simply mirror a macrosocial process, or is the conflict in the family of a different kind''

is loved by what is best in us, because in nature there is no citizen.

Nature is loved by what is best in us. It is loved as the city of God, although, or rather because there is no citizen. Ibid.

 will bear anything that is written on it.

paper will bear anything that is written on it

 was the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Look at the Paris Commune. That was the Dictatorship of the Proletariat. Friedrich Engels

is no more than a machine for the oppression of one class by another; this is true of a democracy as well as of a monarchy.

is value under the aspect of the strange fact that it is possible constantly to sell dearer than one has bought, even on the hypothesis that equal values are always exchanged for equal values.

Whence comes this surplus-value' It cannot come either from the buyer buying the commodities under their value, or from the seller selling them above their value. For in both cases the gains and the losses of each individual cancel each other, as each individual is in turn buyer and seller. Nor can it come from cheating, for though cheating can enrich one person at the expense of another, it cannot increase the total sum possessed by both, and therefore cannot augment the sum of the values in circulation. (. . . ) This problem must be solved, and it must be solved in a purely economic way, excluding all cheating and the intervention of any force the problem being: how is it possible constantly to sell dearer than one has bought, even on the hypothesis that equal values are always exchanged for equal values''[4]

Friedrich EngelsThinkers

Friedrich Engels