George Lakoff
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The Democrat is more likely to see the nation as a 'nurturing mother,' who works to keep an essentially good child (citizen) away from harmful and corrupting factors such as discriminatory employers, greedy retailers, polluting industries, and social injustice.
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Metaphor is executed as a cross-domain mapping from a metaphorical source domain (such as 'war') to a target domain to which it the metaphor is to be applied, such as ('argumentation').
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Metaphor is not only for poets and, consequently, it is not peripheral to the language of the mind... it is the principal way of conceptualizing abstract terms like death, life, time and, therefore, it is central to our understanding of our selves, our culture, and the world.
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Metaphor is not only poetic device: It is an important means enabling us to structure and organize our cognition and knowledge.
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Metaphor is not solely a matter of language but concerns 'the way we conceptualize one mental domain in terms of another.
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Metaphor is pervasive in everyday life, not just in language but also in thought and action.
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Metaphor resides for the most part in a huge, highly structured, fixed system, a system anything but 'dead'.
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Metaphor is our only access to some thoughts. Much subject matter, from the most mundane to the most abstruse scientific theories, can only be comprehended via metaphor.
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Metaphor is the fundamental sttructure of our ordinary conceptual system, in terms of which we both think and act.
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A Republican is more likely to believe that the nation should govern as a 'strict father,' who instills discipline in his child (citizen) in order to help her become a responsible adult who makes prudent financial and moral choices.
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The Republican Party is a party which, in the 1990s, was skilled at using loaded language such as 'tax relief' or 'pro-life' or tax 'burden', along with constant repetition, to play into the frames in our unconscious minds.
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The Subject is the locus of subjective experience, involving consciousness, perception, judgment, will, and capacity to feel.