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Jean-Francois Lyotard

10 August 1924-21 April 1998

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Aesthetics is today treated wrongheadedly as nostalgic, conservative, and therapeutic in that it attempts to supply meaning to a reality shattered under capitalism.

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An Affect is a witness beyond suspicion, being wholly what it is, testifying only to itself, manifesting itself as the very pain or pleasure that bear witness to themselves in the signal that manifests them as they happen.

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The Affect is immediately its manifestation. The affect is a tautogerical sign: Pain and pleasure immediately signal themselves, their presence. This signal (the non-signifying voice or phonè) must be distinguished from the sign (i.e. Language).

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An Affect is not something that represents or signifies. Rather it is a tone or an inflection which preserves the absolutely singular nuances of the pain/pleasure that it is. It says only one thing: That it is there in its absolute singularity.

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An Affect is that which ignores referentiality. It is that which prevents logos from referring it to any object. If i'm stabbed, the intensity of its happening suspends any articulation of cause and effect. I may 'know' that a knife has caused the pain that I feel in my finger, but at the point where pain pierces, its very intensity resist letting itself be related to anything outside its absolute now.

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An Affect is that which man owes. One owes the affect... it is a debt that can never be acquitted, it can only be recognized.

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An Affect is the pre-egoic which 'speaks about nothing' and is not about anything. It is not addressed, not referencing, and not signifying.

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Agonistics is the idea that to speak is to fight, in the sense of playing. As subjects, we find ourselves called not only to witness and judge but also to participate.

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Artificial intelligence is impossible unless we can devise machines that can suffer. This is because thought necessarily involves suffering (as well as emotion, and gender difference).

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The Body is inclusive of suffering and emotion. Rationality is formed out of these things and so artificial intelligence is impossible without these things.

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Capitalism is a problem, one that overshadows all others, whereby endless optimalization moves us into an 'inhuman' realm where computers and machines are more efficient, more cost effective, and therefore preferable, to humans.

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Capitalism is a sheer energy that breaks down the certainties of belief-systems. 'Capitalism does not love order... the state loves it'.

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Capitalism is an iconoclastic, figural force but when combined with technoscience, it renders humans expendable in a capitalist system which makes it difficult to construct within it little narratives to express our individual needs and differences.

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Capitalism is more akin to an open-ended system than a totalizing grand narrative, a restless search for new linkages that can in consequence generate 'the most unheard of occurrences'.

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A Chaotic system is a system controlled by a strange attractor (a mysterious force which directs their course but whose character is hidden from us). We can never detect any pattern in such systems that makes sense to us, and have to adapt to whatever events flow from them.