linguistic community

metaphorical code-switching

speech community

nationality

American

occupation / innovator as

linguist

innovator in the field of

anthropological linguistics

code-switching

discourse analysis

ethnography of communication

interactional sociology

linguistic anthropology

linguistics

sociolinguistics

sociology

anthropologist

linguistic anthropologist

is a community set off from the surrounding areas by weaknesses in the lines of communication.

linguistic community' is 'a social group which may be either mono-lingual or multilingual, held together by frequency of social interaction patterns and set off from the surrounding areas by weaknesses in the lines of communication.' LC's 'may consist of small groups bound together by face-to-face contact or may cover large regions, depending on the level of abstraction we wish to achieve.' A purely social concept.

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is any human group sharing a set of verbal signs and setting itself off from another group by significant differences in language usage.

Gumperz (1968/71:114): 'speech community': 'any human aggregate characterized by regular and frequent interaction by means of a shared body of verbal signs and set off from similar aggregates by significant differences in language usage'. A more restrictive concept, assuming a shared set of grammatical rules... emphasizes linguistic contrast w/outsiders. Gumperz also argues for regular relationships between language use and social structure. 'The speech varieties employed within a speech community form a system because they are related to a shared set of social norms' (ibid.:116) but may overlap language boundaries: e.g. Czech, Austrian German, and Hungarian speakers may share norms for speech acts, topics, conversational participation, etc.

John Gumperz

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John Gumperz