cultural racism

individual racist

institutional racism

racism

is the cumulative effect of a racialized worldview which play out in institutional structures, ideological beliefs, and interactions.

Jones (1997) defines cultural racism as comprising the cumulative effects of a racialized worldview, based on belief in essential racial differences that favor the dominant racial group over others. These effects are suffused throughout the culture via institutional structures, ideological beliefs, and personal everyday actions of people in the culture, and these effects are passed on from generation to generation (p. 472).

is one who considers black people as a group to be inferior to whites because of physical traits.

one who considers the black people as a group (or other human groups defined by essential racial characteristics) are inferior to whites because of physical (i.e., genotypical and phenotypical) traits. He or she further believes that these physical traits are determinants of social behavior and of moral or intellectual qualities, and ultimately presumes that this inferiority is a legitimate basis for the group's inferior social treatment. An important consideration is that all judgments of superiority are based on the corresponding traits of white people as norms of comparison. (1997 p.417)

is racism which regardless of racist intent, accrues in institutional laws, customs, or practices.

those established laws, customs, and practices which systematically reflect and produce racial inequalities in American society. If racist consequences accrue to institutional laws, customs, or practices, the institution is racist whether or not the individuals maintaining those practices have racist intentions. Institutional racism can be either overt or covert (corresponding to de jure and de facto, respectively) and either intentional or unintentional. (p. 438)

is the exercise of power against a rational group defined as inferior by individuals and institutions with the intentional or unintentional support of the entire culture.

[Racism] results from the transformation of race prejudice and/or ethnocentrism through the exercise of power against a racial group defined as inferior, by individuals and institutions with the intentional or unintentional support of the entire culture' (p.117)

JonesThinkers

Jones