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Karl Polanyi

25 October 1886-23 April 1964

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Capitalism is an economic system in which markets are the primary tool of economic integration.

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The Double movement is the idea that once the free market attempts to separate itself from the fabric of society, social protectionism is society's natural response.

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The Great transformation is the divide between modern, market-dominated society and non-western, non-capitalist pre-industrial societies. Polanyi argues only substantive meaning' can analyze non-capitalist societies.

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Laissez-faire is not spontaneous, but, somewhat counter-intuitively, it is planned, whereas social protectionism was a spontaneous reaction to the social dislocation imposed by an unrestrained free market.

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Reciprocity is a characteristic (along with redistribution) of non-capitalist societies based not on market exchange.