disinformation

occupation / innovator as

nationality

American

military officer

is not always meant to distort public opinion. Often it is designed only to manipulate the decision-making elite, and thus strives to receive no publicity.

Former Soviet bloc intelligence officer Ladislav Bittman, the first disinformation practitioner to publicly defect to the West, described the official definition as different from the practice: The interpretation is slightly distorted because public opinion is only one of the potential targets. Many disinformation games are designed only to manipulate the decision-making elite, and receive no publicity.

Ladislav BittmanThinkers

Ladislav Bittman