Michael LynnThinkers

Tipping is shown by research to be higher for attractive females.

Tipping is shown to be different among Whites and Blacks. Blacks are less likely to base restaurant tips on bill size than are Whites and leave smaller average percentage tips in restaurants than do white percentage tippers. However, Black flat tippers leave essentially the same average dollar tip amount in restaurants as do white flat tippers.

Tipping is shown to be lower among Black customers. This is a touchy issue, but it is important to address as black consumers are harmed by poor service from servers who do not expect them to tip.

Tipping is shown to be lower among Black customers. This is a touchy issue, but it is important to address as Black consumers are harmed by restaurant chains that fail to open outlets in predominately Black communities (even affluent ones), because the chains’ executives anticipate tipping related difficulties in staffing outlets at those locations.

Tipping is shown to differ according to the gender and race of the customer and thus results in a reduction in a servers’ willingness to treat all customers equally.

Tipping is shown to increase with the inclusion of a small candy on the check because it invites reciprocity into the dynamic.