causality

is a counterfactual which means that the statement 'x causes y' is equivalent to 'y would not have happened if x did not'.

Finally, yet other theorist defined causality as a counterfactual which means that the statement 'x causes y' is equivalent to 'y would not have happened if x did not'. This kind of definition of causality is the basis of Pearl's formalization of the Structure Equation Model (SEM) (Pearl 2000). All of the three definition agree on the time asymmetric nature of causality.

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