fascism

nationality

American

occupation / innovator as

university teacher

historian

Polish

scientific organization

Polish Academy of Learning

innovator in the field of

history

World War II

American Academy of Arts and Sciences

is an ideology that issued from the 'Bolshevik' wing of Italian socialism, not from any conservative ideology or movement.

Given the opportunity, Mussolini would have been glad as late as 1920-21 to take under his wing the Italian Communists, for whom he felt great affinities: greater, certainly, than for democratic socialists, liberals and conservatives. Genetically, Fascism issued from the 'Bolshevik' wing of Italian socialism, not from any conservative ideology or movement.

Richard Pipes

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Richard Pipes