temperament

is constitutionally based individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation, explicitly including motivation and emotion.

The psychobiological approach developed by Rothbart (1981, 1986... Rothbart, Ahadi, & Hershey, 1994) and others (e.g., Goldsmith, 1996) defines temperament as constitutionally based individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation, explicitly including motivation and emotion. Dimensions described by this approach vary, but include, for infants and children, soothability, smiling, shyness, frustration or distress in response to novelty, highland low-intensity pleasure, attention focusing and shifting, perceptual sensitivity, as well as activity level.

is, in children, inclusive of such things as soothability, smiling, shyness, frustration/distress in response to novelty, high-and low-intensity pleasure, attention focusing and shifting, perceptual sensitivity, activity level.

Dimensions described by this approach vary, but include, for infants and children, soothability, smiling, shyness, frustration or distress in response to novelty, highland low-intensity pleasure, attention focusing and shifting, perceptual sensitivity, as well as activity level.

RothbartThinkers

Rothbart