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Stephen Jay Gould

10 September 1941-20 May 2002

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Death is the ultimate enemy and there is nothing reproachable in those who rage mightily against the dying of the light.

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Evolution is an entirely contingent process which, if you rewind the tape and play it back again, it will give out a different tune altogether.

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Evolution is haphazard, riddled with contingencies so that if we were to run the tape of life again, nothing would be the same-for gould, not only might humans not exist, but neither organisms with our intelligence nor even organisms as we know them might exist.

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Evolution is in no way indicative of increased complexity. In 3.5 billion years, most creatures were and are still bacteria. Only a pitifully limited number of species have proved an exception to this rule.

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Evolution is largely something that happens in the wake of catastrophes or geologically rapid events. Otherwise, species are rather stable.

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The Human being is not the end result of predictable evolutionary progress, but rather a fortuitous cosmic afterthought, a tiny little twig on the enormously arborescent bush of life, which if replanted from seed, would almost surely not grow this twig again.

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Plato is responsible for the idea that what we can see and measure in the world is merely the superficial and imperfect representation of an underlying reality.

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Science is all those things which are confirmed to such a degree that it would be unreasonable to withhold one's provisional consent.

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Sociobiology is wrongheaded in that many biological traits are not the products of natural selection, favored due to their enhancement of reproduction or survival, but are simply random by-products of other evolutionary developments.