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Steven Biko

18 December 1946-12 September 1977

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Black consciousness is an attitude of the mind and a way of life, the most positive call to emanate from the black world for a long time.

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Black consciousness is at its essence the realization by the black man of the need to rally together with his brothers around the cause of their oppression the blackness of their skin and to operate as a group to rid themselves of the shackles that bind them to perpetual servitude.

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Black consciousness is directed at the past and seeks to rewrite the history of the black man and to produce in it the heroes who form the core of the african background.

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Black consciousness is, in essence, the realization by the black man of the need to rally together with his brothers around the cause of their oppression.

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Black consciousness seeks to produce real black people who do not regard themselves as appendages to white society, who see that they too are people.

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Black consciousness's basic tenant is that the black man must reject all value systems that seek to make him a foreigner in the country of his birth and reduce his basic human dignity.

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Blackness is not a matter of pigmentation but a reflection of a mental attitude.

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Blackness is first to be recognized. To recognize oneself as black is to start on a road towards emancipation, to commit oneself to fight against all forces that seek to use one's blackness as a stamp that marks one out as a subservient being.

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A Community is easily divided when two factions' perception of the same thing is different.

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Martyrdom is to at once die for an idea that will live and to refuse to live for an idea that will die.

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A Movement 1s 2ower lies in the fact that it can indeed change the habits of people. This change is not the result of force but of dedication, of moral persuasion.

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Oppression is a process whereby the mind of the oppressed constitutes the most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor.

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Racism is often less about what the racist does to some victim, than it is about how the victim of racism internalizes ideas about himself. The most potent weapon of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed.

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Radical politics is most successful if you dress conservatively. If you want to say something radical and be listened to, dress conservative.

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Social change is about changing the way people think. If one changes the way people think, things will never be the same.

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Social change's only vehicle is these people who have lost their personality, who are empy shells needing to be infused with pride and dignity, needing to be reminded of their complicity in the crime of allowing themselves to be misused and therefore letting evil reign supreme in the country of their birth.