exploitation

corporation

employee

manager

academia

postdoctoral fellow

Dwight D. Eisenhower

steel

banking

wages

job interview

salary

wealth

Nike

disability

trivia

Disney

slavery

maple syrup

capitalism

experience

job application

internship

academic job market

resigning

work

raise (salary)

airport

perk

company perks

farming

chicken

slaughter

mascot

promotion

marxism

Karl Marx

benefit

self-checkout

education

babysitting

working class

Jeff Bezos

is a failure to distribute benefits and burdens within a relationship along a baseline or metric for the distribution of social surplus.

a failure to distribute benefits and burdens wihtin a relationship according to some normal baseline, a baseline that varies from impersonal context to personal but is nonetheless the metric for the distribution of social surplus.'

is a zero-sum game by which the exploitee must lose in order for the exploiter to gain.

Exploitation necessarily involves benefits or gains of some kind to someone Exploitation resembles a zero-sum game, viz. what the exploiter gains, the exploitee loses... or, minimally, for the exploiter to gain, the exploitee must lose.' (Tormey 1974, 207-08)

is an entire system such that as soon as the manufacturer's exploitation is at an end, the labor receives his wages in cash and is then immediately set upon by the other portions of the bourgeoisie, the landlord, the shopkeeper, the pawnbroker, etc.

No sooner is the exploitation of the labourer by the manufacturer, so far, at an end, that he receives his wages in cash, than he is set upon by the other portions of the bourgeoisie, the landlord, the shopkeeper, the pawnbroker, etc. Karl Marx

is any exchange in which the exploiter does better at the exploited party's expense, regardless of how voluntarily or mutually advantageous the arrangement.

An exploitative exchange is an exchange in which the exploited party gets less than the exploiting party, who does better at the exploited party's expense [T]he exchange must result from social relations of unequal power exploitation can be entered into voluntarily... and can even, in some sense, be advantageous to the exploited party.' (Levine 1988, 66-67)

is at its essence, in the process rather than in the end results.

The essence of exploitation must be sought in some characteristics of the process, rather than in some characteristic of the the end results'

is defined against domination and subjection. If exploitation asks who extracts the fruits of production from the producers, domination asks 'who controls whom.' Subjugation concerns a highly indirect application of force involving the constituting of a certain kind of subject through culture and power (or governmentality).

Foucault distinguishes between exploitation, domination, and subjection (1982:212). He argues that most analyses of power concentrate almost exclusively on relations of domination and exploitation: who controls whom, and who extracts the fruits of production from the producers. The third term, subjection, focuses on that aspect of a field of power farthest removed from the direct application of force. That dimension of power relations is where the identity of individuals and groups is at stake, and where order in its broadest meaning is taking form. This is the realm in which culture and power are most closely intertwined. Foucault sometimes calls these relations 'governmentality,' and the term is a helpful one. (in Rabinow 1986:260).

is not only about extracting surplus labor, but concerns the more general sense of using someone as a means (to her detriment and to one's own benefit).

[Capitalist] social relations are exploitative, not only in the specific sense of extracting surplus labour, but in the more general sense of using someone as a means, utilizing her to detriment as a way of promoting one's own good .' (Kymlicka 1989, 114)

exploitation, n.Definitions

exploitation