ontology

existence

philosophy

meaning

sense

Gottlob Frege

epistemology

duck

hot dog

philosopher

reality

is a branch of metaphysics that asks what sort of things exist. For wittgenstein, what exist is limited to objects and states of affairs existing in a logical space.

There is a branch of metaphysics called ontology that is dedicated to figuring out what sorts of things there are. The opening propositions of the Tractatus are devoted to ontological questions. Wittgenstein is categorizing what sorts of things exist, and what relationship they hold to one another' (sparknotes tractatus)'Wittgenstein's ontology consist of objects and states of affairs, both of which exist in logical space' (Spark Tractatus).

is a kind of human logic that is different from 'factual knowledge as we generally understand it' (which is called ontics) . For example, ontically, I put away money into savings because the old man who draws it will be the same person as I am now (this is a fact) . But the same scene viewed ontologically, focuses on the fact that the old man will only be the same person as I am now because of the fact that I am saving for his pension (this second viewpoint concerns the almost metaphysical question

In care Dasein pulls itself together: 'As care Dasein is the 'Between' [birth and death]' (BT, 374). Ontically, I save for a pension because the old man who draws it will be the same person as I am now ('me')... ontologically, he will be the same person as I am now because I am saving for his pension. But Sorge also includes Besorgen and Fu rsorge. Thus I might save for someone else's pension, as long as I do not do so much for him that he loses his own care and becomes an appendage of myself. (inwood 'heidegger' 37)

is a set of semantic concepts relevant to a particular domain.

the term 'ontology' in information systems circles is distinct from its original philosophical meaning' (Zunig 2001: 194). According to Zuniga, the essential difference in meaning is due to the interdisciplinary nature of IS. Oates (2006: 120) defines ontology as a 'set of semantic concepts relevant to a particular domain'. Zuniga (2001: 187) defines an information systems ontology as a 'formal language designed to represent a particular domain of knowledge'. 'Ontologies are used to capture knowledge about some domain of interest. An ontology describes the concepts in the domain and also the relationships that hold between those concepts' (Horridge: 2009: 10). Research Methodologies, Innovations and Philosophies in Software Systems . . . edited by Mora, Manuel

is a departure from Husserl and the cartesian tradition in that it substitutes for epistemological questions concerning the relation of the knower and the known, 'ontological' questions concerning what sort of beings we are and how our being is bound up with the intelligibility of the world.

Thus Heidegger breaks with Husserl and the Cartesian tradition by substituting for epistemological questions concerning the relation of the knower and the known ontological questions concerning what sort of beings we are and how our being is bound up with the intelligibility of the world. (dreyfus 'being in the world' : 3)

is an interest not in how particular entities came about but in the mind-bending fact that there are entities in the first place.

He is less interested in how particular entities came about, than in the mind-bending fact that there are entities in the first place. (Eagleton 2007: 3)

is concerned with being and its understanding. Thus, dasein is distinguished ontically (factually) in that it alone among beings is ontological. Which is to say, it alone understands the being of beings.

The ontical distinction of Dasein lies in the fact that it is ontological (BT, 12). That is, Dasein, unlike other entities, understands the being of beings. (Inwood 147)

is concerned with the fact that reality rests on a fundamental disjunciton whereby it is not that our ideas about reality do not line up with reality. Rather, the problem is that reality does not line up with itself.

ontology takes the form of a fundamental disjunction, or parallax, where it is not simply that our ideas about reality do not line up with natural reality, but in fact reality itself is disjoined or incommensurable with itself.

is concerned with the idea that our transparent everyday way of coping with the available can be carried on independently of the emergence of a thematically conscious subject.

We saw how Heidegger uses against traditional epistemology with its subject/object relation the ontological observation that our transparent everyday way of coping with the available can be carried on independently of the emergence of a thematically conscious subject with mental content,which must then be related to an object. (dreyfus 'being in the world' : 88)

ontology, n.Definitions

ontology