universality

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is a 19th century european notion with its own concealed historicity. For a Japanese to develop a proper appreciation of shakespeare, it requires years of training and a deliberate adaptation of sensibilities.

His real concern was to point out that that universality was not a priori, but historical. It was, moreover, a universality premised upon the concealment of its own origins. 'When I appeal to my own experience, I learn that the realm of poetry created by Shakespeare does not possess that universality that European critics ascribe to it. For us as Japanese it requires years of training to develop a proper appreciation of Shakespeare, and even then this is only a dim appreciation based on a deliberate adaptation of our sensibilities.' (soseki in Karatani 'landscape'). When the notion of universality was established in nineteenth-century Europe, its own historicity had to be concealed.Soseki had no choice but to reject such notions as the history of literature (bungakushi) because he was aware of the historicity of the very term 'literature.'(Karatani 'landscape')

Japan

is a way of being everywhere while denying the need to be anywhere.

Feminist wat to have it both ways: they simultaneously would like to subscribe to 'an account of radical historical contingency for all knowledge claims and knowing subjects. . . and a no-nonsense commitment to faithful accounts of a 'real' world. (Haraway 1991:187). But Haraway does not fancy either option. The constructivist approach tends toward relativism, which 'is a way of being nowhere while claiming to be everywehre' (p.191). Empiricism, on the other hand, presumes the feasibility of a universalist point of view, which could then be described as a way of being everywhere while denying the need to be anywhere ' (Prins 1995:353).

is distinct and free from the determinate properties it has. It is pure relating of self to self.

But the simple, self-identical universality is itself in turn distinct and free from these determinate properties it has. It is pure relating of self to self, or the medium in ,which all these determinacies are, and in which as a simple unity they therefore interpenetrate, but without coming into contact-with one another... for it is precisely through participating in this universality that they exist indifferently on their own account. (hegel 'phenomenology' : 68)

is, in morality, necessarily related to form rather than content because there is nothing, the content of which is cared for universally, by all.

It is argued that the law-giving force of the moral law must stem from its mere form that is, its universalizability alone, because if it stemmed from the content, the law could only hold for those who cared about that content and not universally. (kant, CPpractR 'spark)

Taken together they form a mold in which we shape the impressions coming from the unknowable, transcendent reality. Thus, the principles of science and the laws of nature are universally valid because they are in the subject, not in the object. (Internet encyclopedia of philosophy)

is not an anticipated result, but a heuristic or rule to guide research. It is simply the presupposition that that which occurs in a particular case may also occur elsewhere.

. . . universality is a heuristic -- a rule to guide the research-- not an anticipated result. At the present time, universality in cultural anthropology has a bad name. True universals, it is argued by those who ignore the concept's heuristic use, are biological events or processes like insemination, birth, and death' (Bailey 2001:18).

is nothing else than what here and now have proved themselves to be a simple togetherness of a plurality which are in their determinateness simple universals themselves.

This abstract universal medium, which can be called simply 'thinghood) or 'pure essence', is nothing else than what Here and Now have proved themselvess to be, viz. a simple togetherness ofa plurality... but the many are, in their determinateness, simple un'iversals themselves. (hegel 'phenomenology' : 68)

is simply the idea that this salt is a simple 'here' and that its presence in properties such as white, tart and cubical all interpenetrate. None has a different 'here' from the others, but each is everywhere, in the same 'here' in which the others are.

This salt is a simple Here, and at the same time manifold... it is white and also tart, also cubical in shape, of a specific gravity, etc, All these many properties are in a single simple 'Here', in which, therefore, they interpenetrate... none has a different Here from the others, but each is everywhere, in the same Here in which theothersare. (hegel 'phenomenology' : 68)

universality, n.Definitions

universality