nation-state

is essentially conceived as a trading company. That is, it is a nation whose factional party politics leaves it without a foreign policy and with decision-making institutions pursuing only reactive policies regarding major political issues in foreign affairs.

Donald Hellmann points out the contrast in policy across issue areas, arguing that Japan's record on political-strategic decisions is as bad as its record on international economic policy is good, and 'decision-making institutions have produced reactive, not active policies, regarding major political issues in foreign affairs' (Hellmann 1988: 369). To him Japan is 'more a trading company than a nationstate, a nation without a foreign policy in the usual sense of the word' (Hellmann 1988: 358), and he attributes this limitation largely to Japan's party politics, characterized by factional struggles, which gives Japanese prime ministers only limited power, together with relatively weak domestic institutions, like the National Defense Council (now the National Security Council) and the Japanese Defense Agency. Although Hellmann accepts the successful record of Japanese policy in the economic area, he does not entirely agree with analyses that credit that record exclusively to Japan's domestic political economy, stressing the importance of the US-made international 'greenhouse' that allowed Japan to pursue its ' neo-mercantiIist' policy. By arguing this, he, to a degree, downplays the strategic orientation of Japanese foreign policy even in the economic area.

, tragically and paradoxically, has failed to recognize today's imperatives for internationalism.

The most tragic paradox of our time is to be found in the failure of nation-states to recognize the imperatives of internationalism.

is an institution whereby the state can precede the nation. In france, the French state (i.e. The political entity) preceded the French people or nation (I..E the cultural entity). Only 12-13% spoke French 'fairly' at the time of the revolution.

In France, Eric Hobsbawm argues, the French state preceded the formation of the French people. Hobsbawm considers that the state made the French nation, not French nationalism, which emerged at the end of the 19th century, the time of the Dreyfus Affair. At the time of the 1789 French Revolution, only half of the French people spoke some French, and 12-13% spoke it 'fairly', according to Hobsbawm.'

is on its last legs as a complex modern political form, as most modern governmental apparatuses are inclined to self-perpetuation, bloat, violence, and corruption.

I have come to be convinced that the nation-state, as a complex modern political form, is on its last legs. That is, I am increasingly inclined to see most modem governmental apparatuses as inclined to self-perpetuation, bloat, violence, and corruption. Here, I am in mixed company, from the left and from the right. (Appadurai modernity 19).

is apartheid without political incorrectness.

The nation-state: apartheid without political incorrectness.

is made by wars simply because the cost of these wars oblige the kings to exact greater funds from their subjects and therefore to develop a fiscal administration, in other words to territorialize their administration.

His macro-history of Europe shows that state-building owes much to wars: before waging war because of nationalism, nation-states are indeed 'made by wars' simply because the cost of these wars oblige the kings to exact greater funds from their subjects and therefore to develop a fiscal administration, in other words to territorialize their administration (Tilly, 1990).

is but temporary --- they are as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as the small dust of the balance.

Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as the small dust of the balance.

is but a phase --- Our Great Maker is preparing the world, in His own good time, to become one nation, speaking one language.

I believe that our Great Maker is preparing the world, in His own good time, to become one nation, speaking one language.

nation state, n.All

nation state