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1,025 definitions

Rene GirardThings Hidden since the Foundation of the WorldDictionaryish

The book's index

Things Hidden since the Foundation of the World

584 concepts · 1,025 definitions

A–C · 96 concepts · 143 definitions
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Desire (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠what becomes of human relations when there is no longer any resolution through a victim.

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Desire (n.) follows ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠a gambler's logic: the worse the luck, the higher the stakes, until it finds the one obstacle it cannot pass — perhaps only the world's indifference — and breaks itself on it.

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Desire (n.) occupies ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠the depressive position not because others persecute it but because it builds the persecution itself, projecting self-sufficiency onto contempt or mere indifference.

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Desire (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠endemic, not epidemic: a mimetic crisis slowed down and stretched out over a lifetime, with no lynching to end it and no rite to bring catharsis.

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Violence (n.) wins ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠either way: oppose it violently and you play its game; oppose it otherwise and it shuts your mouth at once.

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Violence (n.) with ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠a difference at its heart — free men's violence versus slaves' — is the key illusion of sacrificial thinking: all violent mastery ends in slavery.

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Violence (n.) can ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠restore peace only if there is an ecological field to absorb its damage; that field is now the whole planet, and even that is no longer enough.

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Violence (n.) grows ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠worse as the scapegoat is exposed: sacrifice loses its power, and people raise the dose, killing ever more victims in holocausts meant to be sacrificial.

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Narcissism (n.) must ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠be feigned in a world without objective criteria: each person has to advertise his desire for himself as subtly as he can, so that others will copy so appetizing a desire.

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Narcissism (n.) gets ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠desire backwards: desire never seeks what resembles it but what it imagines most irreducibly other — and the more it seeks difference, the more it stumbles on the same.

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Narcissism (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠what we accuse the people we desire of, to reassure ourselves that their indifference is their illness, not our small interest in their eyes — as one once accused a woman of coquetry.

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Narcissism (n.) and ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠submission to the other do not trade off, as Freud thought; they feed each other — the more egoistic you become, the more morbidly altruistic.

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A God (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠first a victim who seemed to bring death while alive and life once dead — and so to stand beyond life and death; that is the first outline of transcendence.

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God (n.) takes ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠no side in the quarrels of doubles, if he exists: there is no "Gott mit uns" in heaven.

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A God (n.) always ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠conceals a dead man in the end — which is why some societies let no one die without becoming a god.

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God (n.) respects ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠no persons, which from afar looks like pure indifference — and from close up, made flesh, like heroic and perfect love.

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Sacrifice (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠what the Passion looks like from the murderers' side; from the victim's side, he dies precisely because he will have nothing to do with sacrifice.

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Sacrifice (n.) replaces ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠everyone against everyone with all against one: the chaos of many quarrels collapses into a single conflict, the whole community on one side and the victim on the other.

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Sacrifice (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠simply one more act of violence added to the chain — but it is the last one, violence having the final word.

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Sacrifice (n.) has ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠always carried an ethic of its own: renouncing the victim without compensation goes beyond mere prohibition.

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A Victim (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠always Christ: to help any victim is to help Christ.

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Victim (n.) cannot ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠really have died, the community reasons: how could he be dead when he has just given us the gift of life and order?

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Victim (n.) hardly ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠matters, provided there is one — as when Jacob slips into Esau's place for the blessing and the outcome stands.

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Victim (n.) are ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠now championed selectively: every modern theory condemns persecution, each brandishing its own victims in the others' faces — and all unwittingly vindicate the texts they claim to have outgrown.

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Sacred (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠born from an inversion: the community sees itself as passive and its victim as the only actor, guilty of the disorder and the source of the calm — even of its own death.

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Sacred (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠the phlogiston of the human sciences: it does not exist, yet it described real fires fairly well — and our oxygen is mimesis.

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Sacred (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠not muddled thinking, for all its tangled meanings, but the original matrix of human thought — the cauldron in which our institutions and modes of thought were forged.

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Sacred (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠produced in inverse proportion to how well its mechanism is understood.

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Demystification (n.) has ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠become our new myth, leading us straight to destruction now that there are no Others left to demystify and violence stands fully unmasked.

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Demystification (n.) does ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠not end scandal but spreads and universalizes it: there must be scandal to unmask, and unmasking reinforces the scandal it claims to fight.

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Demystification (n.) cements ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠its faithful around a guru by the burning certainty that there are always naive people to unmask, traitors to confound — victims to persecute, if it comes to that.

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Demystification (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠easy applied to others; the hard part is to unmask our own feelings, and to see what hides behind our very passion for demystifying.

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The Apocalypse (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠not miraculous: people go on eating, drinking, marrying and building, and in the midst of it most men's love grows cold.

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The Apocalypse (n.) is ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠the Kingdom refused: turn down a peace that does not come from violence, and the revelation will work through violence instead, with no victim left to stop it.

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The Apocalypse (n.) feels ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠uncanny because God is absent from it until the Judgement: mankind simply slips its moorings, like the great waters of the Flood.

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The Apocalypse (n.) means ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠revelation as well as supreme violence — exactly what our circumstances are, and what the sacrificial reading keeps us from seeing.

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The Gospel (n.) are ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠now the last scapegoat: chained to a false reading, blamed for the violence done in their name, and condemned by public opinion in the name of charity.

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The Gospel (n.) are ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠becoming our scapegoat: the one thing we can still agree on is attacking them.

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Gospel (n.) have ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠no other function than to dig up the victims of collective violence and proclaim their innocence; nothing is hidden, and the real mystery is that we fail to read them so.

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The Gospel (n.) reign ⁠​‌​​​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​​​‌​‌​​‌‌​‌​​‌​​​​​‌‌​​‌​​​‌‌​‌‌​⁠in secret over the history that excludes them — and do so because of their exclusion.