Banking (n.) as money-dealing capital is the purely technical movement of money, paying, receiving, keeping accounts and storing the hoard, split off as the business of a special capital serving the whole capitalist class.
Banking (n.) began not at home but at borders: as soon as there were national coinages, merchants abroad needed money-changers.
Banking (n.) is, at bottom, the transformation of money capital from one form into another.
Banking (n.) keeps the nation's hoard as the banks' reserve, and part of that hoard is itself paper, mere drafts on gold with no value of their own.
Banking (n.) boils the reserve fund of every private bank down, in the end, to the reserve fund of the Bank of England, which itself has a double existence.
The Banking (n.) is capitalism's most artificial and elaborate creation, offering — in form only — a general bookkeeping and distribution of the means of production across society.
The Banking (n.) abolishes the private character of capital, since neither lender nor user owns it — and so bears within it, though only inherently, the abolition of capital itself.
Banking (n.) turns the distribution of capital into a social function — and thereby into the most powerful means for driving production past its own barriers and an effective vehicle for crises and swindling.