The Speculator (n.) on credit pays interest not out of his profits but out of other people's capital — a symptom of high rates on the eve of crisis.
The Speculator (n.) and the merely nominal director are joined by a new parasite bred by the joint-stock system: the company promoter.
The Speculator (n.) enters the scene in the flourishing phase just before over-exertion, operating without reserve capital or even without capital at all — completely on money credit.
The Speculator (n.) on credit, cut off from other people's capital, demands that the bank pay for the capital he lost and enable him to continue his swindling.
A Speculator (n.) big enough can withdraw a million or two in notes and create a scarcity at will, his great object being to knock down the funds.